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3D Object Processing: Compression, Indexing & Watermarking
The arrival, and continuing evolution, of high quality 3D objects has been made possible by recent progress in 3D scanner acquisition and 3D graphics rendering. With this increasing quality comes a corresponding increase in the size and complexity of the data files and the necessity for advances in compression techniques. Effective indexing to facilitate
the retrieval of the 3D data is then required to efficiently store, search and recapture the objects that have been compressed. The application of 3D images in fields such as communications, medicine and the military also calls for copyright protection, or watermarking, to secure the data for transmission. Written by expert contributors, this timely text brings together the three important and complementary topics of compression, retrieval and watermarking techniques for 3D objects.3 D object processing applications are developing rapidly and this book tackles the challenges and opportunities presented, focusing on the secure transmission, sharing and searching of 3D objects on networks, and includes: an introduction to the commonly used 3D representation schemes; the characteristics, advantages and limitations of polygonal meshes, surface based models and volumetric models; 3D compression techniques; the 3D coding and decoding schemes for reducing the size of 3D data to reduce transmission time and minimize distortion; state of the art responses to the intrinsic challenges of building a 3D-model search engine, considering view-based, structural and full-3D approaches; and, watermarking techniques for ensuring intellectual property protection and content security without altering the visual quality of the 3D object."3D Object Processing: Compression, Indexing and Watermarking" is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working in signal and image processing, computer aided design, animation and imaging systems. Practising engineers who want to expand their knowledge of 3D video objects, including data compression, indexing, security, and copyrighting of information, will also find this book of great use.
CONTENTS:
About the contributors.Introduction .1.1 Introduction.1.1.1 Diverse domains using and manipulating 3-D objects.1.1.2 Introduction to 3D data exchange.1.2 Representation.1.2.1 Notion of 3-D Objects and diverse digital representations of.3-D object.1.2.2 A rapid survey of main 3D object representation: Meshes,.NURBS, CSG.1.3 Basic notions in 3-D.1.4 Acquisition, Database and editing.1.5 About this book.Basic background in 3D Object Processing .1.1 3D representation and models.1.1.1 Basics notions of 3D Object representation.1.1.2 Polygonal meshes.1.1.3 Surface based models.1.1.4 Volumetric representation.1.2 3D data source.1.2.1 acquisition.1.2.2 Manual creation.1.2.3 3D object databases.1.3 3D Quality concepts.1.3.1 Existing 2D perceptual metrics.1.3.2 Existing 3D perceptual metrics.1.3.3 A perceptual measure example.Bibliography.3D Compression .1.1 Introduction.1.2 Basic review on 2D compression.1.2.1 Outline of a generic compression scheme.1.2.2 Compression ratio, quality evaluation.1.3 Coding and scalability basis.1.3.1 Information theory basis and entropy coding.1.3.2 Geometry quantization concepts.1.4 Direct 3D compression.1.4.1 Polygonal mesh compression.1.5 Compression based on approximation.1.5.1 Parametric surface approximation.1.5.2 Implicit surface approximation.1.5.3 Subdivision surface approximation.1.5.4 Superquadric based approximation.1.6 Normative Aspect: MPEG-4.1.7 Conclusion.3D Indexing and Retrieval .2.1 Introduction.2.1.1 3D-shape invariant descriptors and algorithmic comparison.criteria of 3D descriptors.2.1.2 Evaluation criteria.2.2 Statistical shape retrieval.2.2.1 Differential geometries of surfaces.2.2.2 Local approaches.2.2.3 Global approaches.2.2.4 Hybrid approaches.2.2.5 Experiments and results.2.2.6 Conclusion about statistical methods.2.3 Structural approaches.2.3.1 Introduction to Reeb Graph.2.3.2 Reeb graphs for shape matching.2.4 Transform based approaches: spin images.2.5 View based approach.2.5.1 Methods with fixed number of views.2.5.2 Methods with a dynamic number of views.2.6 Normative aspect: MPEG-7.Bibliography.3D Object Watermarking .1.1 Introduction.1.2 1.2 Basic review on watermarking.1.3 Watermarking principles applied to 3D objects.1.3.1 Aims of watermarking.1.3.2 Trade-off between capacity, visibility and robustness.1.3.3 Embedding space and watermark detection requirements .1.3.4 Manipulations and attacks on 3D objects.1.4 A guided tour of 3D watermarking algorithms.1.4.1 Data file organization.1.4.2 Topological data.1.4.3 Geometrical data.1.4.4 Others.1.5 Concluding remarks.1.6 Questions and problems.1.6.1 Watermarking questions.1.6.2 Watermarking problem.Bibliography.Conclusion.
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