Model-Based Development: Applications

Description

A Proven Development Methodology That Delivers On the Promise of Model-Based Approaches

Software continues to become more and more complex, while software consumers' expectations for performance, reliability, functionality, and speed-to-market are also growing exponentially. H. S. Lahman shows how to address all these challenges by integrating proven object-oriented techniques with a powerful new methodology.

Model-Based Development represents Lahman's half century of experience as a pioneering software innovator. Building on Shlaer-Mellor's work, Lahman's unique approach fully delivers on the promise of models and is firmly grounded in the realities of contemporary development, design, and architecture.

The book introduces the methodology's core principles, showing how it separates each of a project's concerns, enabling practitioners to optimize each domain for its unique needs and characteristics. Next, it demonstrates how to perform more effective object-oriented analysis, emphasizing abstraction, disciplined partitioning, modeling invariants, finite state machines, and efficient communications among program units.

Coverage includes

* How we got here: a historical perspective and pragmatic review of object principles
* Problem space versus computing space: reflecting crucial distinctions between customer and computer environments in your designs
* Application partitioning: why it matters and how do it well
* Building static models that describe basic application structure
* Modeling classes, class responsibilities, associations, and both referential and knowledge integrity
* Creating dynamic models that describe behavior via finite state machines
* Successfully using abstract action languages (AALs) and action data flow diagrams (ADFDs)

Throughout, Lahman illuminates theoretical issues in practical terms, explaining why things are done as they are, without demanding rigorous math. His focus is on creating implementation-independent models that resolve functional requirements completely, precisely, and unambiguously. Whether you're a developer, team leader, architect, or designer, Lahman's techniques will help you build software that's more robust, easier to maintain, supports larger-scale reuse, and whose specification is rigorous enough to enable full-scale automatic code generation.

CONTENTS:

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xix

About the Author xxi

Introduction xxiii

Part I: The Roots of Object-Oriented Development 1

Chapter 1: Historical Perspective 3

History 3

Structured Development 5

Technical Innovation 17

Chapter 2: Object Technology 29

Basic Philosophy 30

Breadth-First Processing (aka Peer-to-Peer Collaboration) 44

Chapter 3: Generalization, Inheritance, Genericity, and Polymorphism 53

Generalization 54

Inheritance 56

Polymorphism 57

Genericity 61

Chapter 4: MBD Road Map 63

Problem Space versus Computing Space 63

Maintainability 69

Chapter 5: Modeling Invariants 77

So Just What Is Modeling Invariants? 78

The Rewards 81

Examples 84

Chapter 6: Application Partitioning 105

Why Do We Care? 105

Basic Concepts of Application Partitioning 107

Identifying Subsystems 119

Bridges 122

Describing Subsystems 127

An Example: Pet Care Center 130

Processes 145

Part II: The Static Model 151

Chapter 7: Road Map to Part II 153

What Is the Static Model? 154

Knowledge versus Behavior 156

Practical Note 158

Chapter 8: Classes 161

Abstract Representation 161

Class Notation 167

Identifying Classes and Their Responsibilities 169

Examples 172

Using Sequence and Collaboration Diagrams 186

Chapter 9: Class Responsibilities 191

Attributes: What the Objects of a Class Should Know 191

Operations and Methods: What an Object Must Do 197

Process 207

Examples 209

Chapter 10: Associations 233

Definitions and Basics 234

Notation 239

The Nature of Logical Connections 242

Conditionality 250

Multiplicity 255

Constraints 261

Association Classes 264

Identifying Associations 269

Examples 273

Chapter 11: Referential and Knowledge Integrity 279

Knowledge Integrity 280

Referential Integrity 289

Chapter 12: Generalization Redux 299

Subclassing 300

Multi-directional Subclassing, Multiple Inheritance, and Composition 317

Alternatives to Generalization 328

Chapter 13: Identifying Knowledge 333

What Is the Nature of OO Knowledge? 334

Abstracting Aggregates 335

Picking the Right Abstraction 341

Does the Abstraction Need to Coalesce Entity Knowledge? 351

Part III: The Dynamic Model 355

Chapter 14: Road Map to Part III 357

Part III Road Map 357

Action Languages 373

Mealy versus Moore versus Harel 374

The Learning Curve 376

Chapter 15: The Finite State Machine 377

Basic Finite State Automata 378

Looking for State Machines 390

Some Examples 407

Chapter 16: States, Transitions, Events, and Actions 415

States 415

Transitions 421

Events 423

Actions 427

The Execution Model 430

Naming Conventions 433

Chapter 17: Developing State Models 437

Designing State Machines 437

Examples . 450

Chapter 18: Abstract Action Languages 475

AALs and ADFDs 476

AAL Syntax 478

Examples 480

Glossary 489

Index 501